DND: After heaviest floods in River Ravi, the subject of Ravi Urban Development Authority (RUDA) project come forth again because this project has yet not abandoned and Punjab Government has not taken any decision against this project that was considered as catastrophic for public and environment.
One of the biggest investors of RUDA who is at the high position in sitting government is selling the idea that RUDA will construct embankment (bund) that will save public around the project from floods of River Ravi. There are indications that recent floods will be used in favour of RUDA and powerful political grid that is sitting in government will promote this project as ‘saviour’ by saying that embankments to be built around RUDA lands that will save local population from floods in future.
Chief Executive Officer (CEO) RUDA Imran Amin calls on Chief Minister Punjab Maryam Nawaz Sharif!
Chief Secretary Punjab, Principal Secretary to CM Punjab and other senior officials were also present on the occasion!#RUDA #GovtOfPunjab #Development #ITCITY #NSIT #nationalproject pic.twitter.com/CYoJQMYemF— Ravi Urban Development Authority (RUDA) (@Ravi_RUDA) June 18, 2025
Scientific studies, such as a 2024 Nature journal article on Ravi River flows, indicate that climate-driven floods and land use changes are already stressing the river’s ecosystem, suggesting RUDA’s proposed construction could exacerbate water scarcity and ecological damage in Lahore, contradicting its “green” marketing. Historical context reveals political influence, with the Supreme Court overturning the LHC decision in 2022 under pressure from the Punjab government and developers, raising questions about elite-driven real estate interests overshadowing environmental and public welfare concerns.
This is one of the interesting case to cite as how superclass rules developing countries and how strong elites owning from real estate to media houses manipulate their rules and laws in their favour.
On January 25, 2022, the Lahore High Court (LHC) dismissed the multi-billion rupee River Ravi project and restrained the authorities concerned from pursuing work on the project. Justice Shahid Karim of the LHC observed that “Section 4 of the Ravi Urban Development Authority (RUDA) act is contradictory to the constitution.” He added that agricultural land had been unlawfully acquired to use in the project. He observed the master plan of the project had also not been approved. Within one day, the Punjab government challenged the verdict before the appellate forum.
Within three days, a two-member Supreme Court bench comprising Justice Ijaz Ul Ahsan and Justice Syed Mazahar Ali Akbar Naqvi heard the case filed by the Punjab government against LHC order and sat aside LHC decision and gave decision in favour of developers of RUDA. Since then RUDA is operational and Punjab government had not gone in any petition against the two-membered bench’s decision.
The then Prime Minister Imran Khan on several occasions had admired the project and termed it a game changer in the country. He had planned to build a city like Dubai with skyscrapers and he released a video message in favour of the project.
The Ravi Urban Development Authority (RUDA) case has been one of the most controversial urban development projects in Pakistan in recent years, involving legal, constitutional, and environmental issues. Here’s a detailed breakdown for you:
Background of RUDA Project
Announced by: Former Prime Minister Imran Khan in 2020.
Location: Along the banks of River Ravi in Lahore, covering around 100,000 acres.
Objective: To create a modern city (“Ravi Riverfront Urban Development Project”) with high-rise buildings, residential colonies, commercial hubs, industrial zones, and water reservoirs.
Estimated Cost: Initially projected at over $30 billion (through public-private partnership).
RUDA (Ravi Urban Development Authority): A special authority created through the Ravi Urban Development Authority Act, 2020 to oversee and regulate the project.
Legal & Constitutional Issues
Punjab Government vs. Farmers/Landowners:
Farmers challenged the land acquisition process, arguing that their land was being taken away without due process and adequate compensation.
The Lahore High Court (LHC) in January 2022 declared parts of the RUDA Act unconstitutional, holding that:
The law was passed without following proper legislative procedure.
Environmental permissions and legal requirements were ignored.
Supreme Court Proceedings:
The Punjab government and RUDA challenged the LHC verdict in the Supreme Court.
The SC allowed RUDA to continue work but directed it to comply with environmental laws and ensure farmers’ rights.
Environmental Issues
The biggest criticism of RUDA has been its environmental impact, especially in a city like Lahore which already suffers from severe smog and water scarcity.
Destruction of River Ravi’s Natural Ecosystem:
Environmental experts argue that the project would destroy the river’s natural ecology, floodplains, wetlands, and agricultural lands.
River Ravi is already a dying river, with untreated sewage and industrial waste dumped into it daily.
Water Scarcity:
Lahore relies heavily on groundwater. The project involves massive construction, which would lower the water table further.
Critics say the project does not have a sustainable water supply plan.
Deforestation & Air Pollution:
Clearing agricultural land and trees for concrete structures will worsen Lahore’s air quality, already among the worst in the world.
Violation of Environmental Laws:
The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was either not done properly or done post-facto.
LHC specifically pointed out that no approval from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) had been obtained before starting work.
Current Status (as of 2025)
RUDA continues to exist, but its work has slowed due to legal challenges, funding shortages, and environmental activism.
Supreme Court has directed the government to protect farmers’ rights and conduct proper environmental studies before moving ahead.
Many experts call RUDA a “real estate scheme in the name of development”, rather than a sustainable city project.
In short:
The RUDA case is about a mega urban development project challenged in courts for illegal land acquisition and environmental destruction. The Lahore High Court struck down parts of the law, but the Supreme Court allowed conditional continuation. The main environmental concerns are water depletion, deforestation, smog intensification, and destruction of Ravi’s ecosystem.
Timeline of RUDA Case
2020: July 2020: Government of Punjab establishes the Ravi Urban Development Authority (RUDA) under the RUDA Act 2020.
August 2020: Prime Minister Imran Khan inaugurates the Ravi Riverfront Urban Development Project, calling it essential for controlling Lahore’s expansion and saving the Ravi river.
Late 2020: Farmers, civil society, and environmentalists challenge the project in courts, citing land grabbing, unconstitutional law, and environmental violations.
2021: Mid-2021: Landowners file petitions in Lahore High Court (LHC) against compulsory land acquisition without fair compensation. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) raises concerns about missing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).
2022: January 25, 2022 – Landmark LHC Ruling:
The Lahore High Court declares several sections of the RUDA Act 2020 unconstitutional.
Court finds that:
The Act was not passed properly by the Provincial Assembly.
RUDA failed to get necessary environmental approvals.
Land acquisition violated landowners’ fundamental rights.
Project halted temporarily.
Punjab government and RUDA challenge the LHC verdict in the Supreme Court of Pakistan (SC).
April 2022: SC allows RUDA to continue work conditionally, directing:
2023: Ongoing Supreme Court Hearings: SC criticizes RUDA for slow compliance with environmental directives.
Civil society and experts argue project is unsustainable for Lahore’s ecology.
Farmers continue protests against forced land acquisition.
2024: Mid-2024: SC forms a committee of environmental experts to review Ravi project’s sustainability.
Reports highlight:
Severe risk of groundwater depletion.
Destruction of Ravi floodplain ecosystem.
No proper waste treatment plan for Lahore’s sewage entering the river.
Late 2024: Funding shortages and political instability slow project execution. Much of RUDA remains a paper project.
2025 (Current Situation): RUDA technically still exists but faces:
Court restrictions on land acquisition.
Environmental conditions not yet fully met.
Financial bottlenecks due to lack of investor confidence.
Civil society continues to call RUDA a real-estate-driven venture under the garb of urban development.